Python Data Types and Data Structures

What Are Data Types?
- Data types classify or categorize data items.
- They determine what operations can be performed on specific data.
Python’s Data Types:
- Numeric Types:
  - Integer (whole numbers)
  - Complex (imaginary numbers)
  - Float (decimal numbers)
- Sequential Types:
  - String (text)
  - Lists (ordered collection of data)
  - Tuples (immutable collection of Python objects)
- Boolean Type:
  - Represents True or False values
- Set Type:
  - Unordered collection of unique elements
- Dictionaries:
  - Unordered key-value pairs (used for optimization)
Example:
- Imagine a toolbox:
  - Numeric tools (measuring tape, calculator)
  - Sequential tools (to-do list, shopping list)
  - Boolean tool (light switch: on/off)
  - Set tool (deck of cards)
  - Dictionary tool (phone book)

Organizing Data Efficiently:
- Data structures help organize data for efficient access.
- They form the foundation of any program.
Examples:
- Lists: Ordered collection of data (items can be of different types).
- Tuples: Immutable collection of Python objects (similar to lists but unchangeable).
- Dictionaries: Unordered key-value pairs (used for optimization).

Create a Python Script:
- Open your favorite code editor (e.g., Visual Studio Code).
- Create a new Python script (e.g., numeric_types.py).
Explore Numeric Types:
- In your script, define variables for different numeric types:
```
  my_integer = 42
  my_float = 3.14
  my_complex = 2 + 3j
```
Perform Operations:
- Add, subtract, multiply, and divide these numeric values.
Run Your Script:

Create a New Script:
- In the same directory, create another Python script (e.g., string_operations.py).
Define a String:
- In your script, define a string variable:
```
  my_string = "Hello, Python!"
```
String Methods:
- Use string methods to:
  - Convert to uppercase.
  - Replace “Python” with “World.”
  - Check if it starts with “Hello.”
Print the Modified String:
- Print the modified string after applying the methods.
Run Your Script:

Learn about lists and perform list operations.

Create a New Script:
- Create a Python script (e.g., list_operations.py).
Define a List:
- In your script, define a list of your favorite fruits:Python
```
  my_fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
```
List Operations:
- Append “grape” to the list.
- Print the length of the list.
- Access the second fruit (“banana”).
- Sort the list alphabetically.
Print the Modified List:
- Print the list after performing the operations.
Run Your Script:

Explore tuples and understand their immutability.

Create a New Script:
- Create a Python script (e.g., tuple_immutable.py).
Define a Tuple:
- In your script, define a tuple of your favorite colors:
```
  my_colors = ("red", "green", "blue")
```
Access Tuple Elements:
- Print the second color (“green”).
Try to Modify the Tuple:
- Tries to modify the tuple (e.g., my_colors[0] = "yellow").
Run Your Script:

Create a New Script:
- Create a Python script (e.g., dictionary_key_value.py).

Define a Dictionary:

In your script, define a dictionary of book genres:

  book_genres = {
      "fantasy": "Harry Potter",
      "mystery": "Sherlock Holmes",
      "science fiction": "Dune"
  }

Thank you for reading😉.

Day 14: Python Data Types and Data Structures